Omar al-Mukhtar: The Lion of the Desert – Courtroom Dialogue of Libya’s Resistance Leader Before His Execution

Who Was Omar al-Mukhtar?

Omar al-Mukhtar (1858–1931), revered as the Emir of the Mujahideen of Libya and famously known as “The Lion of the Desert,” was a distinguished Islamic scholar and revolutionary leader. For over 20 years, he spearheaded the jihad against Italian colonial forces, leading a fierce guerrilla resistance across the rugged terrain of eastern Libya.

Despite being in his 70s, al-Mukhtar remained active on the battlefield, demonstrating unwavering resolve and strategic brilliance. In 1931, he was severely wounded and captured by Italian troops. His subsequent execution marked a turning point in Libya’s struggle for independence and cemented his legacy as a martyr and symbol of resistance throughout the Muslim world.

A dialogue in an infidels’ court in 1931, between the “judge” and Omar Mukhtar

Judge: Did you fight against the Italian state?

Omar: Yes

Judge: Did you encourage people to fight against Italy?

Omar: Yes

Judge: Are you aware of penalty for what you did?

Omar: Yes

Judge: For how many years did you fight against Italy?

Omar: For 20 years already

Judge: Do you regret of what you have done?

Omar: No

Judge: Do you realize that you will be executed?

Omar: Yes

Judge (Remarked): It’s a dismal end for a man like you.

Hearing these words, Omar Mukhtar replied: On the contrary, it is the best way to end my life!

The judge then wanted to acquit him and deport him from the country if he appeals to Mujahideen in a statement to stop the Jihad.

Then Omar Mukhtar said his famous words: My forefinger that admits in every prayer that there is no God but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah cannot write a word of falsehood, we do not surrender, we win or die!

Early Life & Education

• Born in Janzour, eastern Libya, and orphaned young.
• Raised and educated by scholars of the Senussi movement.
• Studied the Qur’an and Islamic law at Al-Jaghbub Institute, becoming a respected teacher and religious leader.

 Resistance Against Italian Colonization

• Italy invaded Libya in 1911, prompting al-Mukhtar to organize guerrilla resistance in the Green Mountain region.
• He led the Supreme Council for Jihad Operations after the Ottoman withdrawal in 1912.
• His forces used guerrilla tactics—ambushes, desert warfare, and strategic mobility—to inflict heavy losses on the Italian army.
• Despite limited resources, his leadership delayed Italy’s full control of Libya for years.

 Capture and Martyrdom

• In 1931, al-Mukhtar was wounded and captured near Slonta.
• He was executed by hanging on 16 September 1931 in the Soluch concentration camp at age 73.
• His final words:
  

  “We do not surrender. We win or we die.”